ICD Schema

ICD-API uses sematic web formats RDF-XML and JSON-LD in poviding information on the entities of the classification.

This document explains the meanings of the properties used in the ICD-API. Some of these properties share the schema from the *Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) as explained at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) document : http://www.w3.org/2009/08/skos-reference/skos.html. Others are from the ICD Schema described in this document.

Properties Used in ICD

Parent

A list of entities that are parent of the entity (super classes). In the case of ICD-11 linearizations and ICD-10, we only allow one parent per entity where as in the foundation there may be multiple parents.

SKOS broaderTransitive is used for the parent property

Schema URI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broaderTransitive

Child

SKOS narrowerTransitive used for the child property

Schema URI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#narrowerTransitive

Title

We use SKOS prefLabel for the ICD titles.

Schema URI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel

Description (Definition)

The description is a short characterization of the entity that states things that are always true about a disease or condition and necessary to understand the scope of the rubric

SKOS definition property is used for the ICD description.

Schema URI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition

Additional Information (Long Definition)

This is a text field that is not mandatory, but that may contain any additional information about, or characteristics of, the diseases or conditions included in the entity. This text field provides more context for the entity. For example, the most common epidemiologic circumstances, putative or highly suspected aetiologic agents, or other information that may not always be true but may be common, typical, or expected. Additional information was formally called 'long definition'.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/longDefinition

Fully Specified Name

This is an unambiguous title that does not assume context. For example, "systemic illness with predominant gastrointestinal diarrheal symptoms attributable to vibrio cholera" as opposed to "cholera" or "other" (where the meaning of other would have been clear from the hierarchical context.)

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/fullySpecifiedName

Synonym

SKOS altLabel property is used for the ICD synonyms.

Schema URI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel

Inclusion

Within the coded categories there are typically other optional diagnostic terms. These are known as 'inclusion terms' and are given, in addition to the title, as examples of the diagnostic statements to be classified to that category.

They may refer to different conditions or be synonyms. They are not a sub-classification of the category. Inclusion terms are listed primarily as a guide to the content of the category, in addition to the definition. Many of the items listed relate to important or common terms belonging to the category. Others are borderline conditions or sites listed to distinguish the boundary between one subcategory and another. The lists of inclusion terms are by no means exhaustive.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/inclusion

Exclusion

Certain categories contain lists of 'Exclusions'. These are terms which are classified elsewhere. An example of this is 6A40 Hyperfunction of pituitary gland which excludes Cushing syndrome (6A50)

Exclusions serve as a cross reference in ICD and help to delimitate the boundaries of a category.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/exclusion

Narrower Term

Narrower terms are terms included in an entity which are not synonyms but rather have a narrower meaning. Most of the time we have additional child entities for such narrower concepts but in some situations they are contained as terms included in an entity

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/narrowerTerm

Browser Url

ICD Browser is a web site that allows users see the ICD in its hierarchical structure at the same time providing search and post-coordination features.

Browser Url property provides a direct link to the classification or an entity in the classification in the WHO's on-line ICD Browser.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/browserUrl

Code

The classification code used for the entity. Applicable in ICD-10 and ICD-11 Tabular lists (Linearizations)

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/code

Source

Source points to the URI of the foundation entity when you are at a linearization (release) end point.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/source

Foundation Child Elsewhere

ICD-11 Foundation allows multiple parenting which means a category could be located in more than one place in the foundation component. However, this is not possible for ICD-11 linearizations such as in ICD-11 MMS in which a category must be located at a single location only. When looking at a linearization entity, this property would list the foundation children that are not children in the linearization.

The ICD-11 Browser shows them in gray colour therefore they sometimes referred as gray children.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/foundationChildElsewhere

Index Term

ICD-11 Index terms are generated from the terms (titles, inclusions, narrower terms) included in the entity as well as from the foundation entities that are not included in the linearization. The IndexTerm property includes all of the index terms of a linearization entity in one place.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/indexTerm

Foundation Reference

Some property values such as Exclusions or Index Terms may contain references to other foundation entities in this case the URI of the foundation entities could be found under this property.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/foundationReference

Linearization Reference

exclusion and foundationChildElsewhere properties contain references to other entities. linearizationReference property contains the linearization URI (release URI) for these referenced entities where as the foundationReference contains the reference to the entity in the foundation component.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/linearizationReference

Class Kind

An ICD-11 linearization category or an ICD-10 could have one of the following class kinds:

  1. chapter (top level entities in the classification)
  2. block (Higher level entities that do not have ICD codes)
  3. window (only in ICD-11) Same as block but does not have children in the linearization. It has only other foundation children located elsewhere in the classification.
  4. category (Entities that have ICD codes)

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/classKind

Block Id

The blockId is a textual short unique identifier used for the blocks (groupings) in the classification.

The blocks in the ICD-11 do not have codes as they should not be used for coding. However, sometimes they can be used in the analysis process as grouping constructs and in this case a unique identifier within the scope of the linearization could be helpful.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/blockId

Code Range

This shows the code range that a block (grouping) spans.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/codeRange

Coding Note

Additional information or guidelines provided to the user to be used during the ICD coding process. CodingNote is used in ICD-11 whereas note and codingHint are used for ICD-10

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/codingNote

Note

Additional information or guidelines provided to the user to be used during the ICD coding process. CodingNote is used in ICD-11 whereas note and codingHint are used for ICD-10

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/note

Coding Hint

Additional information or guidelines provided to the user to be used during the ICD coding process. CodingNote is used in ICD-11 whereas note and codingHint are used for ICD-10

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/codingHint

Release Date

The release date of the classification version

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/releaseDate

Release Id

Each release of ICD-11 has a release Id which is generally contains the year and the month of the release date. (e.g. 2018-12) Pre-release versions start with the text beta in front of them. Foundation top level URI and linearization top level URIs contain the information.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/releaseId

Version

Used with the release URIs when a minor is not supplied and lists all available versions of the requested entity.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/version

Last Version

Again used with the release URIs when a minor is not supplied and shows which of the minor version is the latest version.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/latestVersion

Release

Used with the release URIs when a specific release identifier is not supplied and lists all available releases of the requested entity. This was called "version" in the version 1 of the ICD-API

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/release

Latest Release

Used with the release URIs when a release identifier is not supplied and shows which of the release is the latest. This was called "latestVersion" in the version 1 of the ICD-API

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/latestRelease

Postcoordination Scale

Information on which axes allow or require postcoordination for an entity together with the valueset that could be used for the postcoordination

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/postcoordinationScale

Axis Name

Used within the postcoordination scale, identifies the unique name of the axis for the postcoordination (a URI that uniquely identifies the axis)

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/axisName

Required Postcoordination

Used within the postcoordination scale, identifies whether the postcoordination axis is a required one or not. Value could be true or false

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/requiredPostcoordination

Allow Multiple Values

Used within the postcoordination scale, identifies whether the postcoordination axis allows multiple values or not.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/allowMultipleValues

Scale Entity

List of allowed values during postcoordination. They are hierarchical starting points of the allowed value set. i.e. any descendant of the entities provided under the scaleEntity property can be used during postcoordination.

Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/scaleEntity

More Content Model Properties

Explanations of the following properties could be found in the Content Model Reference Guide

causality Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/causality

laterality Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/laterality

regional Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/regional

distribution Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/distribution

relational Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/relational

serotype Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/serotype

durationOfComa Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/durationOfComa

hasPupilReactionScore Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/hasPupilReactionScore

hasGCSEyeScore Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/hasGCSEyeScore

hasGCSMotorScore Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/hasGCSMotorScore

hasGCSVerbalScore Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/hasGCSVerbalScore

diagnosisConfirmedBy Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/diagnosisConfirmedBy

typeOfInjury Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/typeOfInjury

fractureSubtype Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/fractureSubtype

fractureOpenOrClosed Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/fractureOpenOrClosed

jointInvolvementInFracture Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/jointInvolvementInFracture

extentOfBurnByBodySurface Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/extentOfBurnByBodySurface

extentOfFullThicknessBurnByBodySurface Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/extentOfFullThicknessBurnByBodySurface

outcomeOfFullThicknessBurn Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/outcomeOfFullThicknessBurn

timeInLife Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/timeInLife

specificAnatomy Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/specificAnatomy

infectiousAgent Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/infectiousAgent

medication Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/medication

chemicalAgent Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/chemicalAgent

histopathology Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/histopathology

genomicAndChomosomalAnomaly Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/genomicAndChomosomalAnomaly

hasCausingCondition Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/hasCausingCondition

hasManifestation Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/hasManifestation

associatedWith Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/associatedWith

intent Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/intent

violenceDescriptor Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/violenceDescriptor

mechanismOfInjury Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/mechanismOfInjury

transportEventDescriptor Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/transportEventDescriptor

objectOrSubstanceProducingInjury Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/objectOrSubstanceProducingInjury

sportsActivityDescriptor Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/sportsActivityDescriptor

placeOfOccurrence Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/placeOfOccurrence

placeOfOccurrenceDescriptor Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/placeOfOccurrenceDescriptor

activityWhenInjured Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/activityWhenInjured

occupationalDescriptor Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/occupationalDescriptor

substanceUse Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/substanceUse

hasSeverity Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/hasSeverity

course Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/course

temporalPatternAndOnset Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/temporalPatternAndOnset

ICHI specific properties

hasTarget Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/hasAction Target component of an intervention

hasAction Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/hasAction Action component of an intervention

hasMeans Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/hasAction Means component of an intervention

ICF qualifier properties

barrierOrFacilitator Barrier or facilitator to participation qualifier of ICF

capacity Capacity qualifier of ICF

performance Performance qualifier of ICF

extentOrMagnitudeOfImpairment Extent or magnitude of impairment qualifier of ICF

natureOrChangeInBodyStructure Nature or change in body structure qualifier of ICF

Properties specific to CodeInfo endpoint of the ICD-API

When information on a code combination is requested from the API, many of the properties above content model properties are used to describe the postcoordination combination. There are some more properties specific to this result.

otherPostcoordination Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/otherPostcoordination

If the postcoordination combination contains codes not defined in the allowed or required postcoordination axes, then these values are placed under the otherPostcoordination rubric

stemCode Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/stemCode

This is them code for the postcoordination combination

simplifiedCode Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/simplifiedCode

Some postcoordination combinations can be simplified. If a code postcoordinated with another is equivalent to a simpler code then this field contains this new simplified code

simplifiedStemCode Schema URI: http://id.who.int/icd/schema/simplifiedStemCode

Some postcoordination combinations can be simplified. If a code postcoordinated with another is equivalent to a simpler code then this field contains the stem code of the new simplified code